Most of the desert’s inhabitants reside in rural areas and are distributed in varying densities. How are They Formed and Types of Coastal Landforms, How Do Birds Mate? May and June are the hottest months of the year, with temperatures rising to 122 °F (50 °C). The average temperature ranges from 75 to 79 degrees Fahrenheit or 24 to 26 degrees Celsius in summer and 39 to 50 degrees Fahrenheit or 4 to 10 degrees Celsius in winter. On the hills, gum arabic acacia and euphorbia may be found. As a result, it remains almost dry. The Thar Desert is located at the end of the Sahara-Arabian desert tract and at the northwestern limit of the SW monsoon. Physiography and geology• There are three principal landforms in the desert region — the predominantly sand covered Thar, the plains with hills including the central dune free country and the semi-arid area surrounding the Aravalli range.• km), forming a natural border between India and Pakistan. Older dunes, however, are in a semi-stabilized or stabilized condition, and many rise to a height of almost 500 feet (150 metres) above the surrounding areas. One million years ago, the river Sarasvati used to flow through this region to the Indian Ocean. Among those the Tharparkar breed is the highest yielder of milk, and the Kankre breed is good both as a beast of burden and as a milk producer. Dust storms and dust-raising winds, often blowing with velocities of 87 to 93 miles (140 to 150 km) per hour, are common in May and June. The prevailing southwest monsoon winds that bring rain to much of the subcontinent in summer tend to bypass the Thar to the east. Kharif crops are the chief source of agricultural production with bajra being the main crop. An avid reader and a nature lover by heart, when he is not working, he is probably exploring the secrets of life. This means that the region is very hot, with very low precipitation. Why Do White Rabbits Have Red Eyes? As a result, demand for water will rise 0.1 to 0.5 mm/day for 1 degree Centigrade rise, 0.3 to 1.1 mm/day for 2 degree Centigrade, 0.4 to 1.6 mm/day for 3 degree Centigrade rise and 0.6 to 2.1 mm/day for a 4 degree Centigrade rise in temperature. Rajasthan has several national parks which are home to animals including nilgai, camel, blackbuck, Indian wild ass, and chinkara. Camels are commonly used for transport as well as for plowing the land and other agricultural purposes. How Does Photosynthesis Take Place in Desert Plants? The name Thar is derived from thul, the general term for the region’s sand ridges. The Sukkur Barrage on the Indus River, completed in 1932, irrigates the southern Thar region in Pakistan by means of canals, and the Gang Canal carries water from the Sutlej River to the northwest. Good aquifers have been detected in the central part of the desert. Natural vegetation of Thar Desert is composed of following tree, … The Climate in the Thar desert. The Thar Desert experiences a subtropical desert climate and high pressure. In June, July, and August, this desert ha… Explanation: The Thar desert is located on the northern westernmost part of India and cover a distance of about 200,000 km square thereby forms a natural boundary between India and Pakistan. Updates? Ultimately, the river dried forever. Thar Desert THE THAR DESERT, often called the Indian Desert, extends for about 400 mi (644 km) from southwest to northeast and has a maximum width of about 225 mi (362 km). The Thar area has a tropical desert climate. Scrub vegetation in the Thar (Great Indian) Desert, western Rajasthan, India. Several playas (saline lake beds), locally known as dhands, are scattered throughout the region. In general, the nomads are symbiotically related to the sedentary population and its economy. Take this quiz. In the Indian part of the desert, a second line goes from Merta Road to Suratgarh via Bikaner, and another connects Jodhpur and Jaisalmer. The amount of annual rainfall in the desert is generally low, ranging from about 4 inches (100 mm) or less in the west to about 20 inches (500 mm) in the east. Hot deserts are hostile, remote and challenging environments for development. The Thar Desert attracts many tourists. Refrences Wildlife The Thar desert has many wildlife species. The prevailing languages are Sindhi in the southwest, Lahnda in the northwest, and Rajasthani languages—especially Marwari—in central and eastern portions of the Thar. The Thar Desert can be found in the northwestern region of India. The Thar Desert experiences scorching summers. NEXT> Powered … The Thar Desert covers some 77,000 square miles (200,000 square km) of territory. The Thar Desert gets most of its rainfall in December and January. Even in the summer months, the night temperature can fall to the low thirties. It is bordered by the irrigated Indus River plain to the west, the Punjab Plain to the north and northeast, the Aravalli Range to the southeast, and the Rann of Kachchh to the south. Thar Desert (Great Indian Desert) The Thar Desert, also called the Great Indian Desert, covers more than 77,000 square miles (200,000 sq. The Thar desert is the seventeenth-largest desert and the ninth-largest subtropical desert in the world. Aridity gradually led to the loss of humidity. Typically, as with many deserts, the temperature can vary dramatically between daytime and nighttime hours. The desert cities of Jodhpur, Bikaner, and Jaisalmer are a must-visit for tourists. High Temp: 71 °F. The region receives very little rainfall. Whenever it rains, water is collected in tanks and reservoirs and is used for drinking and other domestic purposes. The canal begins at the Harike Barrage, at the meeting point of the Sutlej and Beas rivers in Punjab, and continues in a southwestern direction for around 470 km. In Thar, a desert in the northwestern state of Rajasthan that covers 10 per cent of India, I was soundly proven wrong. But still, this arid region receives a low annual rainfall (4-20 inches) as compared to the other parts of India. Mean Temp: 59 °F. The months of April, May and June are the hottest ones during the day. The dunes are in continual motion and take on varying shapes and sizes. The hottest seasons are June and July while the coldest seasons include January and December. There are five major breeds of cattle of which Tharparkar breed yields the highest quantity of milk, and the Kanker breed is suitable both as a beast of burden and as a milk producer. The Thar Desert (also known as the Great Indian Desert) is a desert mainly located in the state of Rajasthan in northwest India.It continues into Pakistan as the Cholistan Desert.It is a region of constantly shifting sand dunes, with sparse vegetation in some areas.. Thar Desert is spread over northwestern India and eastern Pakistan covering an area of about 4,46,000 square kilometres. He has been part of many reputed domestic and global online magazines and publications. The desert is limited to the south by the Great Rann of Cutch. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Thar Desert Climate. The Climate in the Thar desert is like any other desert. The groundwater being saline cannot be utilized. Those lakes are fed by short intermittent streams, which experience flash floods during occasional intense rains and become dry and lose their identity once…. Thar Desert, also called Great Indian Desert, arid region of rolling sand hills on the Indian subcontinent. See the forecast as a table or graph. Precipitation levels are in the Thar Desert are very low, between 120-240mm, and evaporation rates are high. The name “Thar” is derived from the word “thul” meaning sand ridges. Some areas that experience precipitation exceeding 200 mm annually but lose more water through evapotranspiration also fall under the desert climate. A thick accumulation of lime often occurs at varying depths. In the Pakistani part of the desert, a railway line runs between Bahawalpur and Hyderabad. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). There are traditional song and dance performed by the local nomad groups. The desert also has oases. The land of the Thar desert is covered with sands made of Archean gneiss metamorphic rocks, Protozoic sedimentary rocks, and alluvium material. Flora. On 18 May 1974, India carried out its first nuclear explosion test in the Thar desert. One can witness rare competitions like camel polo and cheer for camel races. The Thar Desert of today is shaped by a stark absence of surface water. About 90 percent of the total annual rainfall occurs during the season of the southwest monsoon, from July to September (see also Indian monsoon). It is less than 10 inches per annum. In winter, the days are warm, and the nights are freezing. Low Temp: 48 °F. Omissions? The soils consist of several main groups—desert soils, red desertic soils, sierozems (brownish gray soils), the red and yellow soils of the foothills, the saline soils of the depressions, and the lithosols (shallow weathered soils) and regosols (soft loose soils) found in the hills. During January, the coldest month, the mean minimum temperature ranges between 41 and 50 °F (5 and 10 °C), and frost is frequent. In 1998, again it did two more explosions in a place called Pokhran located in Thar desert. Apart from wells and tanks, canals are the main sources of water in the desert. Test your knowledge. Desert or arid climate is experienced in arid regions and it is characterized by very low precipitation, ranging between 25 mm and 200 mm annually. Earth Eclipse. It is located at the coordinates of 10 0 The region receives very little rainfall. Section of the Sukkur Barrage irrigation project, on the Indus River, southern Thar Desert, Pakistan. It is the world's 17th largest desert, and the world's 9th largest hot subtropical desert. Undulating sand dunes in the Thar (Great Indian) Desert. Animal husbandry and agriculture are the mainstay of the economy centered around the desert. Impact of climate change – Thar Desert, India The Thar Desert is located in north-west India. (And Do They Mate With Other Species). However, a significant part of this desert lies in Rajasthan. The Thar Desert has become the biggest wool-producing area in India, with almost 40-50% of India’s total wool production coming from this region. Places like Jaipur and Udaipur are well known for their forts. Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. Climate:-The climate in the desert is extreme. Apart from coal-based thermal power, generation of electricity from wind power is also carried out in the Thar desert. The Thar desert is surrounded by Satluj River Basin, Rann of Kachchh, Aravali Range of hills and Indus River Basin. Under the agreement, waters of the Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej rivers are to be made available to the Indira Gandhi Canal mainly to irrigate portions of the Thar in western Rajasthan. The climate in the summers is extremely hot and unbearable for those who are not used to it. It was a region with good vegetation and high rainfall. The Thar desert is the world’s most populated desert with a population density of 83 people per square kilometer. It is one of the major hot deserts of the world with the highest population density. The Thar Desert gets most of its rainfall in December and January. These are small hills formed by the wind blowing over the sand in the desert. The prevailing southwest monsoon winds that bring rain to much of the subcontinent in summer tend to bypass the Thar to the east. All those soils are predominantly coarse-textured, well-drained, and calcareous (calcium-bearing). Many nomads are engaged in animal husbandry, crafts, or trade. In June, July, and August, this desert has no rain. Climate Wildlife Come And Visit! Come check it out on our Flora and Fauna pages, to see how true this really is. Most of the desert is covered by huge shifting sand dunes that receive sediments from … The Thar’s desert sands overlie Archean (early Precambrian) gneiss (metamorphic rocks formed between 4 billion and 2.5 billion years ago), Proterozoic (later Precambrian) sedimentary rocks (formed about 2.5 billion to 541 million years ago), and more-recent alluvium (material deposited by rivers). © 2020 . (And Process of Formation), Causes and Effects of Marine Habitat Loss, 35+ Outstanding Facts About the Planet Earth, Advantages and Importance of Reforestation, Five Different Atmospheric Layers of the Earth, Causes and Effects of Ozone Layer Depletion, Extraordinary Ways to Protect Coral Reefs, Causes and Effects to Environmental Pollution, Causes and Effects of Ocean Acidification. Hot in the day and cool at night. Extreme temperatures - temperatures in the Thar Desert can exceed 50°C in the summer months. It is a large arid region with a landscape dominated by sand dunes varying in size from 52ft (16m) in the North to 498ft (152m) in the south. Thermal power-generating plants, fueled by coal and oil, supply power only locally in the large towns. Best time to visit the Thar Desert is in the cool months of October-February. The desert covers an area of 200,000 square km. Climate. During the summers the days are hot and the nights are cold. Ghosts of the Thar desert: on the climate change frontline in Pakistan. To the south of thar desert is a salt marsh known as the Rann of Kachchh. Areas that experience hot desert climates are found within the 300 N … The Thar Desert extends between the Aravalli Hills in the north-east, the Great Rann of Kutch along the coast and the alluvial plains of the Indus River in the west and north-west. … history, thar desert climate, weather, forecast, thar desert animals … Thar is a Great Indian Desert located in the … Natural vegetation … – Thar desert – SlideShareOct 22, 2012 … Some consider it Location and description• In India the Thar Desert extends …. It showcases the rich heritage of Rajasthan and its culture. As crops fail and livestock wither and die, tribal communities that have survived for centuries are breaking apart. The subtropical desert climate there results from persistent high pressure and subsidence at that latitude. The typically bald, rocky, or sandy surfaces in desert climates hold little moisture and evaporate the little rainfall they receive. The days are sweltering, and nights are cooler. The average temperature ranges from 75 to 79 degrees Fahrenheit or 24 to 26 degrees Celsius in summer and 39 to 50 degrees Fahrenheit or 4 to 10 degrees Celsius in winter. In the summer there is little to no rain. Both Islam and Hinduism are practiced, and the population is divided into complex economic and social groups. The Thar Desert experiences scorching summers. A professional writer, editor, blogger, copywriter, and a member of the International Association of Professional Writers and Editors, New York. The Thar desert seems an ideal place for generation of electricity from wind power. The vast, arid ecosystem is spread over 2,00,000 sq km, and includes parts of Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana, and Gujarat. It is mostly in northwestern India but also extends into eastern Pakistan and is mainly an area of gently undulating terrain, and within it are several areas dominated by shifting sand dunes and numerous…, …northwestern India, particularly in the Great Indian Desert of Rajasthan, where there are several ephemeral salt lakes—most prominently Sambhar Salt Lake, the largest lake in India. The surface consists of aeolian (wind-deposited) sand that has accumulated over the past 1.8 million years. However, sound acquirers have been detected in the central part of the desert. Beyond them is the hilly region of Rajasthan and the Malwa Plateau. In India, the desert extends from Gujarat in the west to Punjab and Haryana in the north and northeast, the Aravalli range in the southeast and the Rann of Kutch in the south. January Climate & Weather Averages in Thar Desert. The Climate in the Thar desert is like any other desert. Precipitation amounts fluctuate widely from year to year. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Sheep are bred for both medium-fine and rough wool. Todays weather forecast, by the hour and long term. Sariska, Ranthambore, and Keoladeo are some of the famous national parks in Rajasthan. The Thar Desert is covered with shifting sand dunes. Among the most prominent groups are the Rajputs, who inhabit the central Thar. Hindu pilgrims gathering at Pushkar, in the Thar Desert, Rajasthan state, India. It is the only desert India has and forms a natural boundary between India and Pakistan. The thinly populated grasslands support blackbucks, chikara (gazelles), and some feathered game, notably francolins (partridges) and quail. About Thar Desert: The Thar Desert also known as the Great Indian Desert is a large, arid region in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent and forms a natural boundary running along the border between India and Pakistan. The desert is also the home of the endangered great bustard. (And Which Foods Do They Actually Like), How do Rainbows Form? These plants are stunted, thorny, or prickly shrubs. The summer days are really hot and the nights are cool but the winter days are warm and the nights are cold. One railway line serves the southern part of the region. Water supply. The grasses form the main natural resources of the desert. The temperature can fall below freezing in the winter and rise as high as 50 degrees Celsius during the summer season. The subtropical desert climate there results from persistent high pressure and subsidence at that latitude. The Thar Desert has an extreme climate. During the short rainy season, some ephemerals like Bekario or Heartleaf indigo sprout forth. They include khejri, keekar, cactus, and babool. Among the migratory birds, sand grouse, ducks, and geese are common. Climate of desert For Class 4 Series: Social Studies Success Buy online from www.goyal-books.com. Roads and railways are few. …is the Great Indian, or Thar, Desert, which is in turn bounded on the east by a hill system known as the Aravali Range, the northernmost extent of the Deccan plateau region. The Thar Desert, also known as the Great Indian Desert, is a desert located in western India and southeastern Pakistan. Camel used for transportation in the Thar (Great Indian) Desert, Rajasthan, India. Alkaloids, used for making medicine and oils for making soap are also extracted. Precipitation: 0.35". The desert presents an undulating surface, with high and low sand dunes separated by sandy plains and low barren hills, or bhakars, which rise abruptly from the surrounding plains. (Albinism), Can Squirrels Eat Almonds? Hydrosphere: Importance, Examples and Facts, Sahara desert: Location, Weather, Temperature, and Countries That Sahara Desert Cover, Aquifers: Where are They Found, Types of Aquifers and How Do They Work, 25+ Fascinating Facts About Rainbows That Will Stir Your Curiosity, What are Coastal Landforms? 9. For irrigation, canals are the primary source of water in the desert. The perennial plants have developed unique features known as xerophytic adaptations that help them survive in the meager water conditions. Like any other natural features, it also needs protection and conservation from excessive human intervention and exploitation. With climatic changes, rainfall started declining and chocked the river. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. The Thar area has a tropical desert climate. However, the monsoon winds in the southwest bring rainfall in the summer seasons. The Indira Gandhi canal provides water for irrigation to the vast area of the Thar. The summer climate of the thar desert affect the way that the area used. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/place/Thar-Desert, World Wildlife Fund - Southern Asia: Western India into Pakistan, IndiaNetzone - Geography of India - Thar Desert. All Rights Reserved . Sheep are bred for rough and medium-fine wool while camels are used both for transportation and plowing the land for agriculture. Whatever seasonal rain falls is collected in tanks and reservoirs and is used for drinking and domestic purposes. During other seasons the prevailing wind is the dry northeast monsoon. It is characterised by sand, scrub, strong winds, and absurdly high day temperatures. In some years, some deserts may experience no rainfall at all. A study conducted by Rao and Poonia (2012) has predicted that by the 21st-century end, the temperature of Bikaner will increase by +3.8 degree Centigrade, Jaisalmer by +3.6 degree Centigrade, Jodhpur by +2.8 degree Centigrade and Pali by +2.3 degree Centigrade, if the current rate of warming continues. Water is a scarce resource in the Thar. The arid land and the hot climate of the Thar desert are only suitable for perennial and ephemeral plants. The area is also known as the Great Indian Desert. Besides, there are Indian spiny-tailed lizards, saw-scaled vipers, Asiatic wildcats, and white-footed fox. The khajri (or khejri) tree (Prosopis cineraria) grows throughout the plains. (as seen in the chart) From the heat, there are many dried up rivers. In some deserts such as Arica in Chile, the average annual rainfall is about 1 mm. The other crops include corn, jowar, groundnuts, sesame, etc. The ethnic composition of the Thar is diverse. The Indus Water Treaty of 1960 fixed and delimited the rights and obligations of both countries concerning the use of waters of the Indus River system. (And Which Foods to Avoid), Can Squirrels Eat Raisins? In February every year, a Desert Festival is conducted in the city of Jaisalmer. It is located partly in Rajasthan state, northwestern India, and partly in Punjab and Sindh (Sind) provinces, eastern Pakistan. In winter, the days are warm, and the nights are freezing. The soil around an oasis is fertile, and date palms and other plants keep growing around it. As strong winds started lifting sand and build-up particles from alluvial sediments and deposited them in the region, the actual formation of the desert began. To the south is the Kathiawar…, The Great Indian, or Thar, Desert forms an important southern extension of the Indo-Gangetic Plain. Please select which sections you would like to print: Corrections? Where is the Gobi desert? The Thar desert is one of the most precious natural treasures of India. Beautiful plants and animals invade this desert. A half a million year ago, due to powerful tectonic movements, the river system got distorted, and the streams lost its flow and meandered. Development challenges in the Thar Desert. The name Thar is derived from … The region thus slowly turned it into a desert. Humidity: 61%. The desert climate or arid climate (in the Köppen climate classification BWh and BWk), is a climate which there is an excess of evaporation over precipitation. They grow, bloom, and bear fruits within that short span and then lie dormant till the next rainy season. A wide variety of birds and animals can be found in the Thar desert. Well in the Thar (Great Indian) Desert, western Rajasthan, India. However, water is scarce. The Thar Desert, also known as the Great Indian Desert, is a large arid region in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent that covers an area of 200,000 km (77,000 sq mi) and forms a natural boundary between India and Pakistan. The Thar Desert, also known as the Great Indian Desert, is located in the north-western part of the Indian subcontinent, to the west of the Aravalli Mountain Range. The soils are generally infertile and, because of severe wind erosion, are overblown with sand. Hydroelectric power is supplied by the Nangal power plant located on the Sutlej River in Punjab. (And Almond Butter), Oceanography vs Marine Biology (Are They Same or Different), Can Squirrels Eat Bread? In contrast, the Sahara desert has the lowest population density, with one person per square kilometer. The months of April, May and June are the hottest ones during the day. ) grows throughout the region 's 17th largest desert, ” said Ninad Munagi, another researcher the. 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