Unless otherwise agreed in writing by GNS Science, GNS Science accepts … The sparsely settled region of the Southern Alps shook for four minutes. He is notable for his discovery of South Island's Alpine Fault. The Alpine Fault then runs the length of the South Island just west of the Southern Alps to near Lewis Pass in the central northern section of the island. By signing up, you'll get thousands of step-by-step solutions to your homework questions. A right-lateral strike-slip fault, that runs almost the entire length of New Zealand's South Island. [29], In 2017 they reported they had discovered beneath Whataroa, a small township on the Alpine Fault, "extreme" hydrothermal activity which "could be commercially very significant". Well that moves us on to our 3rd boundary type! [2], The fault zone is exposed at numerous locations along the West Coast and typically comprises a 10-50 m wide fault gouge zone with pervasive hydrothermal alteration. Famous examples of these include the San Andreas Fault of California, the Alpine Fault of New Zealand's south island, and the Anatolian Fault in Turkey The fault plane is usually vertical and can be horizontal. [2] The last major earthquake on the Alpine Fault was in c. 1717 AD, the probability of another one occurring within the next 50 years is estimated at about 30 percent. The name "Southern Alps" generally refers to the entire range, although separate names are given to many of the smaller ranges that form part of it. Other New Zealand universities, GNS Science and overseas scientists are also interested in the Alpine Fault. They run along the northwest edge of the island, which is exactly where the Alpine Fault is. [6] [7] Also near the surface the fault can have multiple rupture zones. The eroded material has formed the Canterbury Plains. New Zealand's early separation from other landmasses and subsequent evolution have created a unique fossil record and modern ecology. Alpine climate, climate that is typical to higher altitudes; Alpine tundra, a type of natural region or biome; Alpine orogeny, in geology; Alpine Fault, a geological fault running nearly the entire length of New Zealand's South Island; Biology. This news article from Stuff covers some research on the frequency of past earthquakes along the Alpine fault. It is a dextral (right-lateral) strike-slip fault with variable amounts of vertical movement causing uplift to the northwest, as expressed by a series of ranges. In New Zealand they are formed along the Alpine fault by earthquakes. The average slip rates in the fault's central region are about 38mm a year, very fast by global standards. Elisabeth, your guide, has a good knowledge of the Alpine Fault, and to be able to straddle 2 tectonic plates was a real moment to remember. Where will the next earthquake centred on the Alpine Fault begin? Travelers talk about “tectonic plates” (5 reviews) “fault line” (4 reviews) “continental plates” (3 reviews) Improve This Listing. One set, comprising foliation and foliation‐parallel veins and fractures, has a constant orientation. [22], Richard Norris and Alan Cooper from the Department of Geology, University of Otago conducted extensive research on the structure and petrology of the Alpine Fault respectively throughout the later 20th and early 21st centuries. [10] So while earthquakes are an important part of Māori oral tradition, no stories have been passed down about South Island earthquakes. The Clarence Fault is an active dextral strike-slip fault in the northeastern part of South Island, New Zealand. The council's emergency management team has been working with Selwyn communities to get ready. These large earthquakes don’t happen very often – the last one was nearly 300 years ago. [3], Large ruptures can also trigger earthquakes on the faults continuing north from the Alpine Fault. How will the next Alpine Fault earthquake compare to the M7.1 Darfield earthquake of 4 September 2010? of the Alpine Fault R.M. This survey will open in a new tab and you can fill it out after your visit to the site. It was during this time that the cyclicity of the Alpine Fault earthquakes and meaning of the increase in metamorphic grade towards the fault was discovered and refined. Alpine Fault discography (all) Severance (2005) Fire at Will Records Sampler (2012) > Iraena's Ashes Alpine Fault. Holes were drilled for explosives, and when the explosives were set off, a multi-channel seismograph recorded the seismic waves. Type: EP Release date: November 2005 Catalog ID: N/A Label: Independent Format: CD Reviews: None yet Here the relative motion between the two plates averages 37–40 mm a year. The Southern Alps / Kā Tiritiri o te Moana is a mountain range extending along much of the length of New Zealand's South Island, reaching its greatest elevations near the range's western side. A total of 1112 aftershocks were recorded, ranging between magnitudes 2.0 and 4.9 on the Richter Scale. In Wellington, close to the epicenter, shaking lasted for at least 50 seconds. This includes mylonites and the Alpine Schist, which increases in metamorphic grade towards the fault. [2]. This is not a regular pattern, but enough to suggest there is a high probability of a large earthquake in the next 50 years. The 1863 Hawke's Bay earthquake was a devastating magnitude 7.5 Mw earthquake that struck near the town of Waipukurau on 23 February 1863. There have been no major earthquakes on the main portion of it. The work involves scientists from several disciplines working together, using different methods, such as: Using techniques like these, scientists such as Mark Yetton of the University of Canterbury have found out that major earthquakes happened on the central Alpine Fault in 1100, 1450, 1620 and 1717. [12] The 1717 quake appears to have involved a rupture along nearly 400 kilometres (250 mi) of the southern two-thirds of the fault. Virginia currently works as a Professor at the University of Mainz. It remained the single largest earthquake to strike Hawke's Bay until 1931, where a magnitude 7.8 quake leveled much of Napier and Hastings and killed 256 people. This method can even indicate rocks rich in high-pressure water, the source of hot springs like those at Hanmer Springs. It is a dextral strike-slip fault with a component of uplift to the northwest as expressed by the Rimutaka Range. This displacement was inferred by Wellman due in part to the similarity of rocks in Southland and Nelson on either side of the Alpine Fault. We've known about the Alpine Fault for around 80 years. In the South Island of New Zealand, the boundary between the Australian and Pacific tectonic plates can be seen on land. Pourtant, ce n'est pas la première fois que je l'essaye. This is unlike the North Island boundary, where a subduction zone is under water off the east coast. The epicentre is estimated to have been within a zone extending 50 km northeast from Whanganui towards Taihape. In this paper, we investigate the timing and mineralization depths of AFZ clay mineralization using eight fault gouge … The horizontal movement along the fault is not smooth, as both sides are locked together. The Marlborough Fault System is a set of four large dextral strike-slip faults and other related structures in the northern part of South Island, New Zealand, which transfer displacement between the mainly transform plate boundary of the Alpine fault and the mainly destructive boundary of the Kermadec Trench, and together form the boundary between the Australian and Pacific Plates. But this should not lead one to overlook the fact that the Alpine Fault, so recognised, may occur in a wide zone of intense faulting, slicing, and brecciation-the Alpine Fault Zone. The 1888 North Canterbury earthquake occurred at 4:10 am on 1 September following a sequence of foreshocks that started the previous evening, and whose epicentre was in the North Canterbury region of the South Island of New Zealand. The 1843 Whanganui earthquake occurred on 8 July at 16:45 local time with an estimated magnitude of 7.5 on the Mw scale. [20] [21], In 1940 Harold Wellman found that the Southern Alps were associated with a fault line approximately 650 km (400 miles) long. [ clarification needed ] Most of the movement along the fault occurs in this zone. It’s the "on-land" boundary of the Pacific and Australian Plates. [1] The Southern Alps have been uplifted on the fault over the last 12 million years in a series of earthquakes. The Hope Fault is thought to represent the primary continuation of the Alpine Fault. The Alpine Fault quickly became accepted as a notable feature of the geology of New Zealand, and by 1948 was included on standard geological maps. See all hours. Current research includes: Keith Machin, Teaching Fellow at the University of Canterbury, helped visiting Swiss scientists study the Alpine Fault. This was the first earthquake in New Zealand over magnitude 7 for which written records exist, and the first for which deaths were recorded. It had a maximum perceived intensity of VII (severe) on the Mercalli intensity scale. [25], The Deep Fault Drilling Project (DFDP) was an attempt in 2014 to retrieve rock and fluid samples and make geophysical measurements inside the Alpine Fault zone at depth. [11] Over the last thousand years, there have been four major ruptures along the Alpine Fault causing earthquakes of about magnitude 8. Curious Minds is a Government initiative jointly led by the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment, the Ministry of Education and the Office of the Prime Minister’s Chief Science Advisor. THE ALPINE FAULT ZONE For certain types of reports and certain structural problems, it is advisable to try to identify the Alpine Fault plane as accurately as possible and to fix its position in the field. Located at 43°53'44.58"S 169°31'28.09"E, it runs the entire length of New Zealand's South Island, thus along the western edge of the Southern Alps. [8]. The Alpine fault is the Pacific-Australian plate boundary in the South Island of New Zealand. The alpine fault is located in New Zeland. [15] In 2017, GNS researchers revised the figures after they combined updated Hokuri site records with a thousand-year record from another site 20 km away at John O'Groats River to produce a record of 27 major earthquake events during the 8000-year period. The Alpine Fault is a geological fault that runs almost the entire length of New Zealand's South Island (c. 480 km) and forms the boundary between the Pacific Plate and the Indo-Australian Plate. The results suggest that ductile localization due to overlying faults may account for a large proportion of the strain observed in exhumed mylonite zones. In addition, an earlier earthquake was identified to have occurred between 887 and 965. 5.0 earthquakes and aftershocks in 1997, which occurred close to the central part of the Alpine fault. There is paleotsunami evidence of near-simultaneous ruptures of the Alpine Fault and Wellington (and/or other major) faults to the North having occurred at least twice in the past 1,000 years. [27] Researchers also planned to install long term equipment for measuring pressure, temperature and seismic activity near the fault zone. Scientists say that a similar earthquake could happen at any time as the interval since 1717 is longer than between the earlier events. Fault Lines: Facts About Cracks in the Earth. Type: Strike-slip fault: Movement: Dextral/convergent, east side up: Age: Miocene-Holocene: Orogeny: Kaikoura: The Alpine Fault is a geological fault that runs almost the entire length of New Zealand's South Island (c. 480 km) and forms the boundary between the Pacific Plate and the Indo-Australian Plate. faille alpine (Nouvelle-Zélande, île du Sud) : l'activité de cette faille est sujette à de nombreuses études (Deep Fault Project [1]), car elle est très dangereuse. Le cisaillement sud armoricain [2] dans la partie sud du Massif armoricain. The Alpine Fault marks the boundary of the Pacific and Australian Plates. Interactive map of the Alpine Fault and links to a virtual field trip, digging trenches to find buried evidence, such as landslides. St. Andreas Transform Fault Alpine Fault New Zealand The types of transform fault that are always the longest Oceanic Transform Fault Continental Transform Fault EXPLORING THE PLANETS 3 The crust type and general of thickness of the crust. New Zealand is part of Zealandia, a microcontinent nearly half the size of Australia that broke away from the Gondwanan supercontinent about 83 million years ago. [22] The fault was officially named the Alpine Fault in 1942 as an extension of a previously mapped structure. It forms a transform boundary between the Pacific Plate and the Indo-Australian Plate. This short documentary is included in the Iraena's Ashes Digipack. The Australian plate is sliding horizontally towards the north-east, at the same time as the Pacific plate is pushing up, forming the Southern Alps. It was centred at a depth of 7 km (4.3 mi), about 5 km (3 mi) south-east of Christchurch, which had previously been devastated by a magnitude 6.2 MW earthquake in February 2011. Some trees survive landslides, but the event is marked by unusual growth rings. [30] [31] One of the lead researchers said that it is likely to be globally unique. Between 25 and 12 million years ago the movement on the proto-Alpine Fault was exclusively strike-slip. The 2014 Eketahuna earthquake struck at 3:52 pm on 20 January, centred 15 km east of Eketahuna on the south-east of New Zealand's North Island. The Marlborough Fault System is a set of four large dextral strike-slip faults and other related structures in the northern part of South Island, New Zealand, which transfer displacement between the mainly transform plate boundary of the Alpine fault and the mainly destructive boundary of the Kermadec Trench, and together form the boundary between the Australian and Pacific Plates. Scroll down to discover how! [13] Newer research carried out by the University of Otago and the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation revised the dates of the pre-1717 earthquakes to between 1535 and 1596 (instead of 1620), 1374 and 1405 (instead of 1430), and 1064 and 1120 (instead of 1100). The Wairarapa Fault is an active seismic fault in the southern part of the North Island of New Zealand. The maximum perceived intensity was IX (Violent) on the Mercalli intensity scale' possibly reaching X (Extreme). Guided educational tours to the natural exposure of the Alpine fault, at Gaunt Creek, near Whataroa, South Westland. Alpine Fault movement The Alpine Fault is called a strike slip or transform fault. Science and technology. 1.1 Tectonic setting of the Alpine Fault . When tectonic forces overcome this locking, the fault slips, jumping up to a distance of 8 metres at a time. Above the Storm 08:20 Show lyrics (loading lyrics...) 3. [1] The Southern Alps have been uplifted on the fault over the last 12 million years in a series of earthquakes. In this recording, Alpine fault drilling, part of Te Papa’s Science Express programme, hear about the deepest fault drilling ever done in New Zealand. The Alpine Fault intersects the west coast of the South Island of New Zealand about four miles north of Dale Point at the entrance to Milford Sound; moraine 011 the west of the fault has beeili faulted against Fiordlancl Gneiss' on the east, A well defined fault trace was followed from the air from the south side of The rock contains bands of melted rock that seeps into fractures. The way the waves are reflected and transmitted tells much about the rocks and structures near the fault. The mountains are rising at 7 millimetres a … The Alpine Fault is called a strike slip or transform fault. How to solve: What type of fault is the Alpine Fault? Project Number: 430W1444 DISCLAIMER This report has been prepared by the Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences Limited (GNS Science) exclusively for and under contract to West Coast Regional Council. Part 2 of Alpine Fault in Profile. This fault has ruptured four times in the past 900 years, each time producing an earthquake of about magnitude 8. What are the challenges of putting a borehole into a fault? It forms part of the North Island Fault System, which accommodates the transfer of displacement along the oblique convergent boundary between the Indo-Australian Plate and Pacific Plate. However, most of the motion on the fault is strike-slip (side to side), with the Tasman district and West Coast moving North and Canterbury and Otago moving South. At this point it splits into a set of smaller faults known as the Marlborough Fault System. We show that stresses transferred to the mid-crust during an Alpine Fault type earthquake may exert a first-order effect on localization in underlying ductile crust. One indication that things have not always been quite so calm on the Alpine fault is the presence of a rock type called psuedotachylite, which is thought to form either during an earthquake or with a meteor impact. Le temps de l'apprécier. Because of this during the mid 20th century it was speculated that the Alpine Fault creeps without making large earthquakes. Geologically, this is a high probability. ", "DEEP FAULT DRILLING PROJECT-2 FAQs / drill probe in Alpine Fault / Media Releases / News and Events / Home – GNS Science", "Extreme hydrothermal conditions at an active plate-bounding fault", 2003 – Fiordland, estimated magnitude = 7.1. [9] However, it is now inferred by multiples lines of evidence that the Alpine Fault ruptures creating major earthquakes about every few hundred years. A lot of research is being done to find out about earthquakes in the past (called palaeoseismology), as they may help indicate when to expect one in the future. A transform (oceanic) or strike-slip (continental) fault is one where the relative motion is horizontal. Tremors continued almost continuously until midnight and sporadic strong aftershocks were felt for several days. Exposures of the fault have been revealed in a recent slips at Havelock Creek. The Japan Trench Fast Drilling Project (JFAST) was a rapid-response scientific expedition that drilled oceanfloor boreholes through the fault-zone of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake. The United States Geological Survey reported a magnitude of 6.0 Mw and a depth of 9 km (5.6 mi). [26] [27] It was a $2.5 million international research project designed to drill 1.3 km to the fault plan in two months. [5] The Alpine Fault is not a single structure but often splits into pure strike-slip and dip-slip components. This earthquake was associated with the largest observed movement on a strike-slip fault, maximum 18 metres (59 ft). Source: BBC Horizon (no audio) Alpine Fault Geology. [1] [3], The Pacific Plate and Indo-Australian Plate boundary forms the Macquarie Fault Zone in the Puysegur Trench off the southwestern corner of the South Island and comes onshore as the Alpine Fault just north of Milford Sound. He reasoned that further up stream there must be a boundary between the two rock types – but what was it? Open Now. Movement along the Alpine Fault is deforming the microcontinent of, Pacific Plate and Indo-Australian Plate boundary, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, "Alpine Fault / Major Faults in New Zealand / Earthquakes / Science Topics / Learning / Home – GNS Science", "New study says Alpine Fault quake interval shorter than thought: GNS Science", "Timing of late Holocene surface rupture of the Wairau Fault, Marlborough, New Zealand", "An extremely low-density human population exterminated New Zealand moa", "1. The 1929 Arthur's Pass earthquake occurred at 10:50 pm NZMT on 9 March. The Alpine Fault is the dominant structure defining the Australian-Pacific plate boundary in the South Island of New Zealand. – Historic earthquakes – Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand", "Catastrophic events in New Zealand coastal environments", "Videos show devastating impact across South Island if Alpine Fault ruptures", "Thousands to be evacuated, highways blocked for months when Alpine Fault ruptures", "South Island plan for the next Alpine Fault quake", "Buller District Council Lifelines Study (Alpine Fault Earthquake Scenario)", "Harold Wellman and the Alpine Fault of New Zealand", "Structure and distribution of fault rocks in the Alpine Fault Zone, New Zealand", "Deep Fault Drilling Project—Alpine Fault, New Zealand", "Drilling into an active earthquake fault in New Zealand", "Why are scientists drilling into the San Andreas fault? [1] This, along with isostatic constraints, has kept the Southern Alps less than 4000 m. Uplift on the Alpine Fault has led to the exposure of deep metamorphic rocks near the fault within the Southern Alps. Alpine Fault. She then worked as a research associate professor in geology and associate dean (international) in the Division of Sciences at the University of Otago. Earthquakes along the fault, and the associated earth movements, have formed the Southern Alps. Berryman et al., 2012). The Alpine Fault forms a "transform" boundary between the Pacific Plate and Indo-Australian Plate. It has been suggested that the surface rupture formed by this event helped influence Charles Lyell to link earthquakes with rapid movement on faults. Lateral displacements of this magnitude could not be explained by pre-plate tectonics geology and his ideas were not initially widely accepted until 1956. Read more. Type: Full-length Release date: November 11th, 2011 Catalog ID: N/A Label: Independent Format: CD Reviews: None yet Songs; Lineup; Reviews; Additional notes; 1. On-fault earthquake timing in addition to the amount of dextral slip during major earthquakes was unknown along a 200-km-long section of the central Alpine Fault, while the amount of co-seismic hanging wall uplift was poorly known, prior to the present work. The Wellington Fault is an active seismic fault in the southern part of the North Island of New Zealand. The Alpine Fault runs for about 600km up the spine of the South Island, and is one of the world’s major geological features. It runs as a single structure for over 500 km. Whole forests that have grown back after an earthquake can be dated, too. Originally reported as magnitude 6.6 on the Richter Scale, the earthquake was later downgraded to a magnitude of 6.2. This gave a mean recurrence rate of 291 years, plus or minus 23 years, down from the previously estimated rate of 329 years, plus or minus 26 years. The Māori arrived in New Zealand c.1300 but never reached a high population density in the colder South Island. Researchers are studying the Alpine Fault to investigate past earthquakes, mountain formation and the structure of the Earth’s crust. Wellman became a Fellow of the Royal Society of New Zealand in 1954, and was awarded the Hector Memorial Medal and Prize in 1957 and the McKay Hammer Award in 1959. The fault mover 30mm a year! There is dextral strike-slip motion as well as convergence between the Australian and Pacific plates. The alpine fault runs along the west side of the South Island of New Zealand and is "one of the longest, straightest, and fastest-moving plate boundary transform faults on Earth."(eg. [23] Wellman also proposed in 1964 that the Alpine Fault was a Cenozoic structure, which was in conflict with the older Mesozoic age accepted at the time. In earthquake terms, the 850 kilometres (530 mi) long fault is remarkably consistent, rupturing on average every 330 years, at intervals ranging from 140 years to 510 years. This is distributed as 36–39 mm of horizontal and 6–10 mm upwards movement on the fault's plane per year. Three feature sets are delineated. How often does the Alpine Fault rupture? [5] Then uplift slowly began as the plate motion became slightly oblique to the strike of the Alpine Fault. An earlier event at around 1600 AD can be recognised throughout the study area, and this is the most recent event in the trench locations north of the Haupiri River. It forms part of the Marlborough Fault System, which accommodates the transfer of displacement along the oblique convergent boundary between the Indo-Australian Plate and Pacific Plate, from the transform Alpine Fault to the Hikurangi Trench subduction zone. The Alpine fault is defined as the 650 km long feature that extends the length of the South Island. Alpine d'occasion - s’il est impossible de dénicher une A 110 pour moins de 50 000 €, on peut s’offrir une A 310 ou une A 610 à partir de 20 000 €. [32]. The epicentre was approximately 35 kilometres (22 mi) west of Hanmer. For every one unit increase in magnitude (e.g. Advisers: Sibson, R. Abstract: The section of the Alpine fault between the Cook and Karangarua Rivers provides further information on the structure of the fault zone. Alpine Fault. Ultrasonic image logs acquired in the DFDP‐2B borehole yield the first continuous, subsurface description of the transition from schist to mylonite in the hangingwall of the Alpine Fault, New Zealand, to a depth of 818 m below surface. The Alpine Fault • Running about 600km up the spine of the South Island, the Alpine Fault is the on-land boundary of the Pacific and Australian tectonic plates. GNS Science has this earthquake catalogued and places the epicenter 35 km east of Taihape, near the border of Hawke's Bay. Snow on the mountains of the Pacific plate contrasts with the lower land of the Australian plate. What information is revealed? [16] A 2018 study says that a significant rupture in the Alpine Fault could lead to roads (particularly in or to the West Coast) being blocked for months, as with the 2016 Kaikoura earthquake, with problems in supplying towns and evacuating tourists. The surface rupture has extended into the north section of the fault as far as the Haupiri River area, which is 25 km northeast of the Alpine Fault junction with the Hope Fault. An earthquake on the Alpine Fault is likely to be one of the most significant disasters that could affect Selwyn district. During the second phase of the Alpine Fault, Deep Fault Drilling Project (DFDP) in the Whataroa River, South Westland, New Zealand, bedrock was encountered in the DFDP-2B borehole from 238.5–893.2 m Measured Depth (MD). [14]. Harold William Wellman was an English-born New Zealand geologist known for his work on plate tectonics. The Alpine Fault is a geological fault that runs almost the entire length of New Zealand's South Island (c. 480 km) and forms the boundary between the Pacific Plate and the Indo-Australian Plate. 25 Reviews 1 Q&A. In the last 12 million years the Southern Alps have been uplifted approximately 20 kilometres, however, as this has occurred more rain has been trapped by the mountains leading to more erosion. Subject: Structural geology. Avec notre A110 d'un week-end, pour la première fois, j'ai eu l'impression de prendre le temps avec une voiture. This idea coupled with the displacement on the fault proposed that the earth's surface was in relatively rapid constant movement and helped to overthrow the old geosynclinal hypothesis in favour of plate tectonics. Preparing for an Alpine Fault earthquake. Vous vous demandez certainement où je veux en venir, et surtout quel est le rapport avec notre petite Alpined'essai. [Chapter Break] After their ground­breaking paper on the Alpine Fault, Willett was posted to Invercargill and Wellman to another war­time project at d’Urville Island. The 1855 Wairarapa earthquake occurred on 23 January at about 9 p.m., affecting much of the Cook Strait area of New Zealand, including Marlborough in the South Island and Wellington and Wairarapa in the North Island. This PDF provides a summary from the West Coast Reginal Council on Alpine Fault research past and present, including details of Mark Yetton’s methods. [2] At the same time, Harold Wellman proposed the 480 km (300 miles) lateral displacement on the Alpine Fault. That's before satellite photographs or plate tectonics. using GPS to study small movements of nearby minor faults, and to measure growth of the Alps, using seismic data to find out how the many minor earthquakes in the area are linked to minor faults and the main Alpine Fault. from M4 to M5) there is about a 30-fold increase in energy release. There have been no major earthquakes on the Alpine Fault in historic times, its southern and northern offshoots have, however, experienced sizable earthquakes: In 2012, GNS Science researchers published an 8000-year timeline of 24 major earthquakes on the (southern end of the) fault from sediments at Hokuri Creek, near Lake McKerrow in north Fiordland. [27] It was led by New Zealand geologists Rupert Sutherland, John Townsend and Virginia Toy and involves an international team from New Zealand, Canada, France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. D'autres semblent aussi avoir pris le temps de l'apprécier. The moment magnitude of the earthquake has been estimated as 8.2, the most powerful recorded in New Zealand since systematic European colonisation began in 1840. The uplift is due to an element of convergence between the plates, meaning that the fault has a significant high-angle reverse oblique component[ clarification needed ] to its displacement. The June quake was preceded by a magnitude 5.9 ML tremor that struck the region at a slightly deeper 8.9 km (5.5 mi). The Australian plate is sliding horizontally towards the north-east, at the same time as the Pacific plate is pushing up, forming the Southern Alps. See this Interactive map of the Alpine Fault and links to a virtual field trip on the University of Otago Geology website. [17] [18] [19] District councils along the West Coast and in Canterbury have commissioned studies and begun preparations for an anticipated large earthquake on the Alpine Fault. Type: Full-length Release date: November 11th, 2011 Catalog ID: N/A Label: Independent Format: CD Reviews: None yet Songs; Lineup; Reviews; Additional notes; 1. [ 7 ] also near the surface the fault zone is under water off the coast! Northeast from Whanganui towards Taihape uplifted by the Rimutaka Range short documentary is included in Alpine. 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Springs like those at Hanmer springs 38mm a year get thousands of step-by-step solutions to your questions...